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Innovative Depression Treatments Many people suffering from depression have a difficult time finding a treatment that works for them. Some suffer from a lack of response to medication or experience uncontrollable adverse effects. The intrinsic health benefits of scaled-up effective treatment coverage are believed to be significant (table 2). The discounted value of these benefits is $399 billion for depression and $169 billion for anxiety disorders. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) TMS utilizes a magnetic field to deliver brief bursts of electric current to specific brain areas that appear to be overactive in those suffering from depression. The therapy is noninvasive, and does not require anesthesia. It's also extremely efficient and well-tolerated compared to antidepressant medication. A person receives TMS by sitting in a chair similar to dental chairs. A trained technician puts an instrument with a coil of magnetic material against the frontal portion of the head. The coil is able to pulse rapidly and the user may be able to feel or hear a click noise on their scalp. Each magnetic pulse (measured in hertz or Hz) is called a “pulse(also known as a “pulse”). The frequency of the pulses can vary from low (1 pulse every second) to high (10 per second). The treatment isn't painful however the magnetic field can affect the cells in the outer layer. It depolarizes cortical cells and the transynaptic effect can affect deeper regions of brain that are involved in mood. For instance, TMS with higher frequencies over the left dorsolateral pf cortex (DLPFC) can increase mesolimbic neurocircuits that modulate emotional responses. Some insurance plans provide TMS as an alternative to psychiatric medication. It's important to check with your insurance provider to find out what your specific plan covers. In clinical trials, TMS produced significant and long-lasting improvements in depression symptoms over the placebo. During the TMS treatment course the patient can undergo up to 30 sessions over a couple of weeks. Patients with severe depression might require a longer duration of treatment. Some newer treatments of TMS utilize a lower frequency pulse that's less likely cause side effects like seizures. While the method is still in its early stages however, it's an alternative for patients who do not respond to antidepressants or psychotherapy. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) The brain's natural chemicals are balanced by ECT. It is among the most efficient and safest treatments for depression. It can also be used in other mental health conditions such as schizophrenia. The ECT procedure is performed in a hospital or outpatient treatment center. It is performed by medical professionals. A general anaesthetic is administered prior to the procedure, meaning you won't feel any pain. The ECT team will use equipment to monitor your heart rate, blood-pressure, oxygen levels, and brain waves. You will be provided with a muscle relaxant and a mouthguard to protect your teeth. Two metal discs are positioned on the head, one on each side or on your forehead. The anaesthetist then injects you with a drug to help you sleep. You will awake in the ECT suite and a member of the ECT team will meet with you and answer any questions you might have. Before you can receive the treatment, you will be asked to fill out a consent form. It is recommended to have a trusted friend or relative with you while you are learning about ECT treatment, as it may be difficult to take in all the information at once. You should be given at least 24 hours before being forced to make a choice regarding the treatment. During the procedure, you will have brief fits or seizures, which last just 40 seconds to 2 minutes. The ECT doctor will adjust the amount of electric pulses you receive according to your response. You will probably have short courses of ECT generally 6-12 sessions, two times a week. It is unclear how ECT works. However, it appears to trigger the release of certain chemicals that aid brain cells to communicate. It also appears to change the way that brain cells grow. ECT is extremely effective in treating severe depression, suicidal thoughts and catatonia that is secondary to depression and other psychiatric disorders. Research has shown that approximately half of those who receive ECT improve and stay well for a period of one year or more. It is especially beneficial for those who have not responded to medication and other psychosocial treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation is a surgical technique that involves implantation of electrodes into the brain. The electrodes are connected to a tiny neurostimulator that sends electric pulses to the area of the brain that controls your symptoms. The pulses may help to alleviate your symptoms and enhance your quality of life. DBS can treat a range of conditions which include movement disorders, such as essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, and psychiatric issues such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. It can also reduce seizures in epilepsy sufferers. It can also help treat the severe pain that comes from brain and nerve conditions. DBS is an option that can be used in conjunction with ECT or other treatments for TRD. It is important to keep in mind that not all patients will benefit from DBS. Certain patients don't see any improvement in their symptoms, and some may even experience a worsening symptoms of depression. This non-response may be caused by a combination factors, including those that are related to the patient like personality traits, or psychiatric co-morbidity, as well as factors that affect the clinical, like an incorrect diagnosis or a poor DBS goal. Researchers employed a machine-learning algorithm to classify the changes in LFPs that were recorded during intraoperative DBS. The results showed that changes in beta power were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. These results suggest DBS can be used to predict the severity of antidepressant effects. However, more research is needed to confirm this theory. DBS is a well-known treatment for movement disorders and is also used to treat a growing number psychiatric problems. However, it is not widely recognized as an option for treating depression. The FDA has approved DBS to reduce seizures in people suffering from difficult-to-treat epilepsy. Studies are currently being conducted to determine whether DBS can be used for treating depression. You should discuss the DBS procedure with a neurologist before you undergo it. The neurologist will assess you and recommend the most appropriate treatment option for you. He or she will also inform you of the risks and benefits of DBS. Additionally you should inquire about any tests or preparations you may need before the procedure. It is likely that you will require an imaging test, blood test and other tests prior to the procedure. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective through a number different outcomes studies. depression treatment programs is usually utilized as a treatment on its own, though it can also be combined with medication in certain instances. CBT is a form of psychotherapy that assists you to develop a positive attitude towards the negative attitudes and thoughts that are contributing to depression. It is based upon the theory that the way you think about and respond to situations is more significant than the issue itself. It is a very active form of psychotherapy that emphasizes solving problems, and identifying and changing maladaptive thinking patterns. CBT's goal is to help you become your own therapist by helping you to understand and change the way you think and behave. It uses exercises and home work in sessions and outside of sessions to help you learn new techniques. CBT is focused on current issues and challenges and not on past experiences or the root causes. It does require some information about your life experience to be able to address and comprehend issues that you face in the present. CBT is a short-term therapy, typically lasting 6-20 sessions. It is an empirically based therapy and its duration is determined by the extent to which you meet the goals you set at the beginning of therapy. It is an active and demanding therapy that demands an intense level of commitment and hard work from you. There are a variety of other cognitive behavioral therapies that could be beneficial for you, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, which helps you to take positive actions even when you are experiencing negative thoughts or feelings; dialectical behavior therapy, designed to tackle self-injury and suicidal thinking and interpersonal psychotherapy, which is aimed at resolving issues with relationships that contribute to your depression. There are a lot of exciting new treatments on the horizon that could revolutionize the game for those suffering from depression. Certain treatments are available. For instance deep brain stimulation. A surgeon places electrodes into your brain to send painless impulses that alter the electric activity contributing to your symptoms. Many other advancements are still in research, such as the development of a personalized treatment for depression. This could eliminate the need for trial and error to find what works for you.